Last updated 2 months ago by Jessica Brooks | Published: January 2, 2025
Mongolia is a land of vast, untamed beauty, located at the crossroads of the Central Asian steppes, the Siberian taiga, and the Gobi Desert. It hosts a range of globally significant biodiversity within its boundaries. According to the Ministry of Nature and Green Development, 20% of the country is under special protection categorised nto Strictly Protected Areas, National Parks, Nature Reserves, and National Monuments, with a targeted increase to 30%. The global importance of Mongolia’s ecosystems is also recognized through its six UNESCO World Heritage Sites, two World Wildlife Fund Global 200 Ecoregions, eleven Ramsar Sites (Wetlands of International Importance), and seventy Important Bird Areas (IBAs) designated by Birdlife International.
From the snow-capped Altai Mountains to the rolling steppes and arid deserts, Mongolia’s diverse landscapes are home to unique species that define its natural heritage. Among these are the wild Przewalski’s horses (takhi), the Mongolian Saiga Antelope, Siberian Ibex, Black-tailed Gazelle, secretive Pallas’s cat, the elusive snow leopard, and the endangered khulan (wild ass). Each of these species embodies the essence of Mongolia’s varied ecosystems, but their survival is increasingly threatened by habitat loss, climate change, and human activities.
Mongolia’s herders, the stewards of its grasslands, are facing increasing challenges from climate change. Harsh winter disasters known as “dzud” are becoming more frequent, decimating livestock populations and forcing herders to move into wildlife habitats in search of better grazing. This intensifies competition between livestock and wildlife for dwindling resources, exacerbating habitat degradation and pushing species like the khulan and snow leopard further into conflict with humans.
Tourism, while a valuable source of income for the country, also poses challenges. As tourism has increased, so has the number of tour companies competing in the market. With no regulation or restrictions in place on how tour companies or visitors should behave in these vulnerable protected areas, the influx of visitors to sensitive habitats can disrupt ecosystems and stress wildlife. Without proper regulation, these impacts risk undermining conservation efforts.
This is why it has taken us so long to offer snow leopard tours ourselves. We wanted to ensure that our tours genuinely support conservation rather than just offering a bucket list experience as part of a money making strategy. Protecting Mongolia’s wildlife is a monumental task, but small, dedicated NGOs and citizen scientists—often herders trained to monitor wildlife, conduct surveys, and collect data—play a crucial role. Their work provides critical insights into species populations and behaviors while fostering a sense of stewardship within local communities. These efforts not only benefit wildlife but also support local livelihoods, creating a harmonious balance between conservation and community wellbeing. Our snow leopard tours are designed to work with and support such communities.
At Eternal Landscapes, we believe tourism can and should be a force for good. That’s why, on Earth Day, we published our desire for a sustainable tourism manifesto for Mongolia. While tourism is a cornerstone of the economy, we recognise the critical need for sustainable management to avoid undue pressures on Mongolia’s unique cultural heritage and fragile ecosystems.Two of the proponents are connected with wildlife in Mongolia:
Mongolia’s iconic wildlife and breathtaking landscapes are integral to its identity, but their survival is far from guaranteed. For those of you who venture into Mongolia’s wild spaces, we ask you to join us in treading lightly, contributing meaningfully, and leaving with a deeper understanding of the intricate interconnectedness that defines this extraordinary land. Here’s a few short guidelines on how you can help to protect Mongolia’s wildlife and wild spaces:
Together, we can ensure that Mongolia remains a sanctuary for its unique wildlife and the communities that call it home. For inspiration, explore our Mongolia Wildlife Tours, or delve into our Nature Positive Travel philosophy.